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Scotland's Early History

space					Year		Event
			BC		3000		Skara Brae, Orkney.
			BC		2600		Ring of Brodgar, Orkney.
			BC		400 -300		The Celts arrive in Ireland and Scotland.
			BC-AD		100 -100		Brochs built in Scotland.
					71 -74		Quintus Petilius Cerealis, Governor of Roman Britain, sent a reconnaissance expedition into South West Scotland.
					79 -81		Agricola crossed the Clyde and engaged the Celts.
					83		Calgacus united the Celtic Caledonian tribes and with 10,000 of his menwas killed by the Roman Army led by Agricola at the Battle of Mons Graupius.
					c. 85		The Romans abandoned their fort at Inchtuthil.
					85		Agricola was recalled to Rome.
					90		The Romans evacuated all their positions north of the Forth.
					122 -136		Hadrian built the wall that bears his name 80 miles long, from the Solway to the Tyne.
					142		The Antonine Wall, turf built, from the Clyde to the Forth.
					154		The Romans abandoned the Antonine Wall.
					180 -185		Hadrian's Wall overrun and the Romans were defeated in Caledonia.
					196		The Romans withdrew from Northern Britain.
					208 -221		Severus campaigned in Southern Scotland.
					297		The Picts were first mentioned in Roman Literature by Eumenius.
					c. 360		St Ninian who preached Christianity in Scotland, born.
					c. 360		Picts and Scots crossed Hadrian's Wall.
					367		Picts and Scots invade Northern England.
					368		Picts and Scots with Saxon Tribes attacked London.
					368 -c. 370		General Theodosius drove the Picts and Scots out of Roman Britain.
					383		The Roman Legions began to evacuate from Britain.
					390		General Flavius Stilicho came to Britain to drive out Pictish Invaders.
					c. 397		St Ninian established a monastery, called Candida Casa, at Whithorn, Galloway.
					418		Picts and Scots driven from southern England by Anglo-Saxons.
					428		Teutonic Woden worshipping migrants established themselves in Lowland Scotland.
					c. 432		St Ninian died.
					c. 500		Fergus Mór mac Erc, ancestor of the Scots Kings of Dalriada died.
					c. 503		The Scots left Ireland to establish the Kingdom of Dalriada in what is now Argyll.
					c. 521		St Columba born.
					c. 537		King Arthur killed at the Battle of Camlann.
					563		Iona community established by St Columba.
					565		Celtic Christianity established in Pictland.
					c. 573		St Kentigern in south eastern Scotland.
					574		St Columba ordained Áedán mac Gabhráin as Kong of the Scots Dál Riata.
					c. 585		Bridei mac Mailchon, King of the Picts, died.
	8/9		June		597		St Columba died.
					603		Áedán mac Gabhráin defeated by Ethelfirth at the Battle of Degsastan.
	13		January		603		St Kenigern also known as St Mungo died.
					c. 608		Áedán mac Gabhráin died.
					629 -642		Domnall Brecc King of Scots, until killed by Strathclyde Britons at the Battle of Strathcarron.
					651		St Cuthbert entered Melrose.
					672 -693		Bridei son of Bili, King of Picts.
	20		May		685		Battle of Nechtansmere, south of Forfar in Angus, Picts under Bridei son of Bili, defeat the Angles effectively halting their northern progress.
					710		Roman Christianity established in Pictland.
					711		Picts slaughtered by Nothumbrians at the Pain of Manaw.
	1		September		714		St Giles, patron saint of Edinburgh and Elgin, died.
					c. 712		Egbert arrived at Iona an persuaded the Clergy to accept Roman usage.
					717		Expulsion of Iona monks from Pictland by Nechtan.
					c. 780 -806		The Book of Kells begun on Iona.
					793-1093		The Norse Era, Norse invade and settle the British Isles.
					794		Viking raids in the Hebrides.
					795		Viking raids on Iona, Inishbofin and Skye.
					802		Viking raid plundered and burned Iona.
					806		Viking raid killed 68 monks on Iona.
					c. 810		Johannes Scotus Eriugena born in Ireland.
					c. 811 -820		Constantine, son of Fergus, King of Scots and Picts.
					820 -834		Oengus II, son of Fergus, King of Scots and Picts.
					839		Picts massacred by Vikings at Forteviot.
					843		Kenneth MacAlpin crowned the first King of Scotland, and united the Kingdoms of the Scots and the Picts.
					858 -862		Donald I King of Scots.
					866 -869		Norse King of Dublin, Olaf the White campaigned against the Picts.
					870 -871		Olaf the White and Ivar sacked Dumbarton.
					879		Ecclesia Scoticana first used as a term.
					889		Giric, King of Scots, and Eochaid son of Rhun, King of Strathclyde Britons, expelled.
					900		Strathclyde annexed by Scotland. The Strathclyde aristocracy migrated to North Wales.
					900 -943		Constantine II King of Scots.
					903		Ivar's grandsons plundered Dunkeld.
					904		Ivar grandson of Ivar killed by Scots at Strathearn.
					934		Athelstan of Wessex invaded Scotland.
					936		Constantine II, Olaf Gothfrithsson and Owen of Strathclyde defeated by Athelstan at the Battle of Brunaburh.
					943 -954		Malcolm I King of Scots.
					945		Edmund invaded Cumbria and granted it to Malcolm I.
					954 -962		Indulf King of Scots. Edinburgh occupied and Scots annexed Lothian.
					966- 1005		The descendants of  Constantine I succeed in excluding the descendants of his brother Aed to the throne.
					989		Gothfrith Haroldsson, King of the Hebrides, killed by men of Dál Riata.
	25		March		1005		Kenneth II killed by Malcolm II.
					1006		Malcolm II's unsuccessful raid on Durham.
					1018		Malcolm II gained Lothian after defeating the Saxons at the Battle of Carham.

Source: The Scottish Invention of America, Democracy and Human Rights, Klieforth and Munro, 2004, ISBN 0-7618-2791

Chev I Laird MA FSA Scot KCTpl